فصلنامه راهبرد
پیاپی 99 (تابستان 1400)

In the Islamic political system, the strategy of governmental verdicts works as a proper mechanism for managing the society based on new requirements in the framework of Islamic rules. As the designer of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (Wilayah al-Faqih) as a governance theory and as the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Imam Khomeini, alongside dealing with the theoretical and jurisprudential aspects of governmental verdicts, adhered to such verdicts as tools for exiting dead-end situations. Due to failures in comprehending the logic of Imam Khomeini’s thoughts in issuing governmental verdicts, some religious and political groups criticized his political viewpoint and behavior. In this line, this paper aims at disambiguating the nature and mechanism of deducting governmental rules from Imam Khomeini’s viewpoint. To this end, using the qualitative approach and the descriptive-analytical research method, this paper is to answer a fundamental question: “Based on Imam Khomeini’s jurisprudential viewpoint, what is the nature and mechanism of issuing governmental verdicts in the procedure of Islamic governance?”. The findings show that there are two types of governmental verdicts in Imam Khomeini’s viewpoint, namely constant and variable. Thereupon, the authors propose mechanisms for categorizing every verdict in either of these two types. In Imam Khomeini’s thinking, the legal fundamentals of deduction are constant. However, they vary through the time in accordance with public expediency. For those cases wherein there are skeptics between constant and variable verdicts, Imam Khomeini has explained the pragmatic principle requirements.

Conceptual fragmentation of regulation and the existence of different definitions and perceptions thereof, prevent a clear understanding of the concept of the regulatory state. This research seeks to answer the question "What role does understanding of regulatory play in conceptualizing regulatory state?" It hypothesizes that "an understanding of regulation, as the most important tool of governance in the regulatory state, is the most important factor in understanding the term regulatory state." The purpose of this study is to provide a clear the concept of regulatory state. For this purpose, various definitions of regulation and regulatory state are collected using library method, thereafter the terms regulation and regulatory state are defined and the components of the definition of regulatory state are described using the descriptive-analytical method and its differences with minimal and welfare state are shown. The finding of this study is the clarification of the concepts of regulation and regulatory state and provision of clear definitions of the two, which has been obtained in the light of the knowledge obtained from analyzing and reviewing various definitions of them, and comparing regulatory state with minimal and welfare state.

Despite the fact that political capital is very important in countries that are based on democracy, Currently due to the lack of attention to political capital, the political trust of citizens in government officials has decreased. Low political capital leads to a decrease in citizen participation and political awareness and a decrease in trust in government officials. Therefore, it is necessary to design the prerequisites of political capital and prioritize these factors, the necessary investment to realize and promote political capital to increase the citizens' trust and conscious participation in those in charge. The existence of a democratic state requires the conscious participation of citizens, which leads to the realization of political capital. The aim of the present study is to analyze, prioritize and present the model of political capital prerequisites. This study from the perspective of goal is practical, and of nature and the method is applied-descriptive and is among mixed studies. In the qualitative section, 11 professors of management and political science through semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative section, 21 political experts and government officials through paired comparison questionnaires have participated in this study. For coding data Atlas.ti software and prioritizing answers fuzzy Delphi method has been used. The findings of the study show that the domination of interactive culture over the society, decreasing of power distance, increasing of citizen’s social freedom, and political transparency are the most important factors in creating political capital. The results of the study inform officials and political decision-makers about the importance of political capital and provide the basis for increasing the political trust of citizens by strengthening the incentives of political capital.

Creating a new way of resistance against the system of domination, the discourse of Islamic resistance that is a reproduction of the Iranians' culture of resistance against domestic despotism and global arrogance has made profound changes in the geopolitics of the Middle East and caused serious challenges for regional forces balance through threatening the interest of the West and Zionism in the region. It has practically turned into a powerful mechanism to fight arrogant politics in the region. Analyzing the theoretical foundations of the discourse was the main purpose of the present study. Other purposes of this study were to investigate the theoretical capacities of the discourse in realizing Islamic internationalism, provide an accurate analysis of Shia geopolitics, and investigate the role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in leading the Islamic resistance. According to Laclau and Mouffe's theoretical capacities and discourse analysis theory in analyzing the political concepts, this theory was selected as the theoretical framework and data analysis tool in this thesis. Based on the results, the discourse of Islamic resistance has the capacity to be hegemonic at the international level especially in West Asia and the Middle East, due to its various theoretical and practical capacities. It is expected to provide the grounds to form an Islamic internationalism and unified nation based on the principles of original Revolutionary Islam through developing the intellectual foundations and expanding the geographical area.

Access to a favorable environment is one of the goals of Iran's 1404 Vision Policy. What is meant by a favorable environment and how can the country move towards it? The purpose of this article is to provide a model for monitoring the environment of Iran and 25 countries subject to the document and monitoring their status in three periods: 2006, 2011 and 2016. First, the final model is extracted from the theoretical foundations and background based on the opinion of experts using a focused group interview, questionnaire, Delphi, coefficient of variation and average relative weight in the form of 7 indicators and 17 variables. Then, a composite index was created by using the TOPSIS technique. Finally, the state and performance of the environment of Iran and the countries subject to the document in general and in seven dimensions have been studied. The results show the inappropriate performance and environmental trend of Iran and countries in the region. However, in 2016, Iran was ranked seventh in the region and higher than its regional rivals (except Turkey). On the other hand, the intensity of the decline in the index in Iran was 1.02, higher than the average and the main countries (except Saudi Arabia and Egypt). Iran's performance in four indicators, namely drinking water and sanitation; biodiversity, habitats, forests and pastures; climate and energy; and water resources, were worse than the important countries in the region. in two indicators, namely "Settlements" and "Agriculture", Iran performed better and the air quality indicator didn’t have sufficient data to evaluate. Finally, with reference to critical areas, policy priorities are suggested.

Political parties have several functions, one of which is gaining political power. Creating a legal framework for the political participation of different individuals is the most important issue facing political actors, and in this context, the relationship between political parties and the electoral system is important. Although the legal framework for the activities of political parties in Iran is available, they are still not efficient in the Iranian electoral system. The purpose of this study is to the pathology of political parties And also provide effective solutions to eliminate the harms. Although the legal framework for the activities of political parties in Iran is available, they are still not efficient in the Iranian electoral system. The purpose of this study is to identify the harms to the efficiency of political parties in the Iranian electoral system and also to provide effective solutions to eliminate these harms. To achieve this goal, the Delphi method and Shannon technique have been used. In two stages, the researchers collected the views of 10 experts in the field of elections through interviews and questionnaires, and then the data obtained from the consensus of experts were analyzed using the Shannon technique. The findings showed that the most important damage that led to the inefficiency of political parties is in the category of "structural" damage, followed by "legal", "economic", "functional" and "cultural" damage.

The political system in countries such as Iran, which are in a heterogeneous and diverse situation in terms of ethnic and linguistic diversity, needs to create a sense of national solidarity among its ethnic groups for stability and survival. Therefore, in multi-ethnic countries, one of the main actions is to formulate and implement ethnic policies. Due to the need to formulate ethnic policies, the purpose of this study was to provide an optimal model of ethnic policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran (Case study: students living in ethnic areas and studying at Imam Sadegh (AS) University and Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch). The method of the present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of the study included 850 undergraduate and doctoral students and 265 people were selected as a simple random sample based on Morgan table. Data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire with 6 components and 79 questions that the reliability of the questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha of 0.94 was confirmed. The Structural equation method and Amos software were also used to analyze the hypotheses. Finally, the four main components of national identity, religious identity, citizen-centered and justice-oriented were identified as the most important components. By combining the above 4 components; The model of "Iranian-Islamic pluralism" was introduced as a desirable model of ethnic policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran.